Primary-source dossier · evidence first

Nautamlal B Mehta was the first to call Mahatma Gandhi "Mahatma," not Tagore or anyone else.

This is The Compelling Evidence that Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta of Jetpur was the first to Draft and give a hand to Hand this “Manpatra” Citation to Gandhiji on January 21, 1915. All other claims have no evidence or documents but are just hearsay. Furthermore, Tagore met Mahatma on March 6, 1915. please read how our historians, researchers, and scholars are ignorant.

44 signatures5 chapters1915–1996
Original Manpatra citation presented to Mahatma Gandhi at Jetpur in 1915
Primary document · rectoThe Jetpur Mahapatra citation, dated 21 January 1915, is preserved in the Mehta family archive in Saurashtra.

The record, in five chapters

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I

This website presents more evidence with minimal subjective writing

Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta from Jetpur, Saurashtra, was the first person to use the word "Mahatma" on January 21, 1915, at Kamribai School. This fact is supported by documents, unlike the claims of other individuals who have no proof and rely on hearsay. It is worth noting that this credit is often wrongly given to Rabindranath Tagore or others.

No one has ever questioned Louis Fisher about a few things: 1. On what date did Tagore first use the word "Mahatma"? 2. Where was Tagore located? 3. On a certain date and location where Tagore was present, was Gandhiji also there? 4. Where is the picture of the event? 5. Where is the picture of the citation or document? None of our so-called historians and scholars have ever dared to question Louis Fisher's hearsay.

Sure, my grandfather and uncles tried from 1952 onward to fix wrong historical info, but they were helpless due to communication availability in those years — no phone, no internet, or email like the present time. Their only weapon in those years was writing a postcard.

One of my greatest strengths was the compelling evidence documents I had access to. These documents were backed by the expertise of scholars from the Rajghat Gandhi Museum in New Delhi, including Dr. Y. Anand, Dr. Varsha Das, and six others on their team. They acknowledged the information provided by my family after thorough vetting, which gave me a significant boost in obtaining the documents.

Mahatma wrote in "Collected letters of Mahatma Gandhi," volume #14, page 347, that he was in Jetpur on 01/21/1915 and on the very same day Nautamlal Bhagwanji Mehta gave the "Manpatra" addressing Gandhiji as "Mahatma Gandhi." The same document is on display at the Rajghat Gandhi Museum in a 6'x3' foot display in New Delhi — the world's foremost authority on Gandhian matters.

A similar "Manpatra" was given to the wife of Mahatma Gandhi, Shrimati Kasturba Gandhi, on the same day by the women of Jetpur. Kasturba was also honored with a special "Manpatra" on the same day, January 21, 1915, by the women of Jetpur with their signatures, including a signature of Jaykuvar, the daughter of Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta.

The Manpatra given to Kasturba Gandhi by the women of Jetpur.
In this Manpatra, Shri Nautamlal Mehta of Jetpur drafted and first bestowed the title "Mahatma."
Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, volume 14, page 347.
Mahatma Gandhi himself wrote in the collected work of Mahatma Gandhi in volume 14, page #347, that “he was in Jetpur on January 21, 1915.”
Emails from Dr. Anand and Dr. Varsha Das of the Rajghat Gandhi Museum.
Proof and authentication of our record — emails from Dr. Anand and Dr. Varsha Das from the Rajghat Gandhi Museum.
Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 14, p. 347.
Small notes from Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta's sons, Manilal and Moolshankar, stating that this information is accurate.
Notes from Manilal and Moolshankar Mehta.
Manilal wrote this note tohis younger brother Moolshanker (who was hard of hearing). For this reason, most of their communication was in written notes. Here Manilal says that “Kumar “Magazine wrongly published the info on who coined the word “Mahatma” for Gandhiji. Manilal says, “It was drafted and read by his father, Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta. This note must have been written around 1970.

II

The page from Louis Fischer's book — where the deception and wrong information started

From here, falsification and deception started by Louis Fischer. Gurudev never coined the word "Mahatma," but Louis Fischer wanted him to say it for Gandhiji — he did his job to fill up book pages with wrong info. The problem is our own so-called Gandhian scholars, historians, authors, and even so-called Gandhi Bhaktos: none had rational thinking with logic and common sense. No one questions what date Tagore said it, what location, whether Gandhiji was there on that date, where the picture of the event is, or where the picture of that citation is. No one ever questions those fundamental questions before accepting the historical account. A bunch of our copycat scholars never had the logic or common sense to question a white American author. My grandfather and uncle tried to fix it in 1950–1960, but in those days their weapon was writing a letter or postcard with no response. I exposed the above wrong info in 1996, and later Dr. Anand and Dr. Varshaben Das and their team from Rajghat Gandhi Museum acknowledged it. Still, a bunch of the ignorant keep singing the song of Louis Fischer without anything in hand.

Note from Manilal to Moolshanker Mehta.
Manilal wrote this note to his younger brother Moolshanker (who was hard of hearing) — most of their communication was in written notes. Here Manilal says "Kumar" magazine wrongly published the info on who coined the word "Mahatma"; it was drafted and read by their father, Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta. Written around 1970.
I

Tagore, by Louis Fischer

Mr. Louis Fischer failed to provide any relevant documents or data; his claim is fake. Tagore met Mahatma for the first time on March 6, 1915. Nautamlal B Mehta met Mahatma on January 21, 1915.

II

Gurukul Kangadi

Some claim Gandhiji was called "Mahatma" by the residents of Gurukul Kangadi, with no specific date, in April 1915, and that he in turn called the founder Munshiram a Mahatma (who later became Swami Shraddhananda). There is no proof or document, and the claimed date of April 1915 is after Nautamlal Mehta and the people of Jetpur signed the Manpatra on January 21, 1915. Mahatma Gandhi did not go anywhere once he landed in Mumbai — he spent one week in Mumbai and then came first to Jetpur.

III

Pranjivan Mehta's 1909 letter

A Gandhian historian says a private letter from friend Pranjivan Mehta to Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1909 referred to Gandhi with the title "Great Mahatma," remaining the earliest written record of the title. Pranjivan Mehta was Nautamlal Mehta's brother-in-law, and Pranjivan Mehta never handed any citation to Mahatma. In South Africa in 1909 he neither knew nor received any face-to-face citation. The letter to Gokhale has also never been produced.

IV

Gondal Rajshala

From Gondal Rajshala, only 20 miles from Jetpur — claiming Mahatma Gandhi came to Gondal on January 26, 1915, and this Manpatra was given at the Rajshala. But Mahatma Gandhi was in Jetpur on January 21, 1915; Nautamlal Mehta was first to meet Mahatma, before Tagore or Rajshala. Nautamlal Mehta's trust (New Dynamic Inc.) supplied all documentation, photos, and pictures of Mahatma, and Mahatma himself wrote of it in Collected Letters of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 14.

A few other claims popped out like bubbles. From my grandfather's close associates — one family with a last name starting "Par…" and another starting "Des…" — we gave them copies of the Manpatra as a gesture, since their grandfather's signature was among the 42 signatures. On receiving it, the "Par…" family rushed to Sabarmati Ashram and local newspapers in Ahmedabad and started claiming their grandfather was first to coin the word "Mahatma." They had no original documents, only our copy, and could not provide more, so the claim cooled down.

We learned from that experience. Now all our documents are annotated (names withheld to respect privacy), and I have emails asking for copies of the Manpatra from various Gandhian grandchildren. All documents are now under the control of New Dynamic Inc. trust in California; we have refused further copies to avoid future claims from nowhere.

My uncle Moolshankar told me many times that we had about sixty Mahatma Gandhi letters on family and other private matters, very private. When my grandfather's Pedhi underwent a financial crisis in the Second World War, our mill was also looted while sheltering thousands of Hindus and Muslims. We gave up our position with the central bank and moved to Ahmedabad, to a small home in Khadia. To keep the letters safe, we gave some 30 letters to Sumatiben Morarjee and around 30 letters to Kaka Saheb Kalekar. After contacting both families, I am still waiting to hear a response.

Separately, one person used to hold a mobile gallery of Gandhian documents, and about 200 postcards (1950–1970) between Rajagopalachari "Rajaji" and Moolshankar were stolen from Moolshankar's home in Wankaner, along with his coin collection. His helper was named Go… Zala or Jhala. I later read an article on him in Gujarat Samachar and contacted his grandson to buy back the documents, but have not heard back.The postcards carried the address of Moolshankar Mehta, Wankaner or Ahmedabad.

Read more on the Wikipedia page. Tagore's name was a big hyperbole started by Louis Fischer, an American author, without any factual or physical proof. Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta was Nagarsheth of Jetpur (equivalent to the head of the town, like a modern-day mayor and banker). Louis Fischer had no documents, no location, and no date — and yet made something out of nothing. All our Gandhian scholars blindly accepted what Fischer said without due diligence. My grandfather, father, and uncle objected to this hearsay, but were helpless.

III

My uncle Moolshankar

Additional family archive document.

My uncle Moolshankar (Nautamlal's second son) spent his whole life following Mahatma and Mahatma's mindset, working to support underserved people. In a Gujarati flyer, he says that although he was jailed four times, he never took a penny from the government. He held a science degree from Fergusson College, Pune, but never exploited it for personal gain. He let go of the family's 600-year-old "Pedi" business for Mother India's freedom, choosing jail over sitting in his father's business. He states plainly that the term "Mahatma" was first coined by his father, Nautamlal Mehta. Moolshankar died in 1993, but his nephew Niranjan (me) continued his work with his inspiration, will, and guidance.

Rajghat Gandhi Museum scholars' acknowledgment.

Nature made me a tool to get justice for my grandfather. I had access to hundreds of family documents and photographs — proof — sharing information about the Indian Freedom Movement and our family's connection to Gandhiji. Thanks to technology, I have better resources and time to share the truth; that journey started in 1996. My greatest strength was the scholars from Rajghat Gandhi Museum in New Delhi — Dr. Anand, Dr. Varsha Das, and six other scholars on their team — who acknowledged my family's information, after a lot of vetting, and gave me a significant boost.

Rajghat Gandhi Museum scholars' acknowledgment.

When Gandhiji met my uncle, Moolshankar, he wrote this note on Moolshankar’s sister, Manjula: “Manjulane barobar olakhun chhun. Ane tene deekareenee jem maarun man haree leedhun chhe. Evaa ja tame ho, na ho to thaao ane raho. — Baapunaa aasheervaad.” Read and interpreted adequately by great Gandhian scholar: Dr. Varshaben Das of Rajhat Gandhi National Museum, New Delhi: “I know Manjula very well; she won my heart as my daughter. If you are like her, if you are NOT like her, then try to be like her and stay that way. ‘ Baapu’s blessings. For additional context: Varshaben is the granddaughter of great Amritlalbhai Sheth and daughter of Mohanlal Sopan. Both my uncles, Vajubhai and Moolshankarbhai, and aunt, Manjula (Maya) gave their whole life to Gandhian ideas and moments without seeking any office. They worked directly with the underserved on one basis, no one know their work, but thousands of people feel and benefit from their work.

Postcards to publishers, 1951.
My uncle Moolshankar wrote postcards and letters to various publishing houses as early as 1951, but it was worthless — no one cared about our information or the truth, and none dared question a white journalist from America.
Rajghat Gandhi Museum publication acknowledging Nautamlal Mehta.
Published by the Rajghat Gandhi Museum (National Gandhi Museum), acknowledging with approval that Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta was the first to coin the word "Mahatma" for Gandhiji.

IV

The family, in pictures

Gandhi arriving in Jetpur, January 21, 1915.
This picture was taken when Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Jetpur on January 21, 1915. My grandfather used to say Kamribai School had only six chairs and over 70–100 people in attendance.
Gandhi's note to Moolshankar about his sister Manjula.
The actual note that Gandhiji wrote to Moolshankar about his sister Manjula.
Veena Mehta and her two daughters at the Rajghat Gandhi Museum.
My wife, Veena (center), and my two daughters at the Rajghat Gandhi Museum (National Gandhi Museum), New Delhi, with a copy of the Manpatra.
Lilavati Kaki, Ramaben and Neelamben Mehta.
Three very brave Mehta women from Dr. P.J. Mehta's family: his son Chhaganlalbhai Mehta's wife Lilavati Kaki, and their two daughters Ramaben and Neelamben, who joined Netaji's army.
Mota Kaki and Savita Kaki, jailed in 1930.
Sitting in front on the right is Mota Kaki, and in the center is Savita Kaki. They went to jail in 1930 for months — mind-boggling that Jain women were so brave and active almost 100 years back.
Handwritten blessing from Kasturba Gandhi to Moolshanker Mehta.
A handwritten blessing from Kasturba Gandhi to my uncle, Moolshanker Nautamlal Mehta.

Timeline

  • 1907A letter written in Esperanto references Gokhale and Lala Lajpat Rai around the Surat session of Congress.
  • 1909Pranjivan Mehta (Nautamlal's brother-in-law) writes privately to Gokhale using "Great Mahatma," per one disputed claim — with no citation handed in person and no letter produced.
  • Jan 21, 1915Nautamlal Bhagawanji Mehta presents the Manpatra to Gandhiji at Kamribai School, Jetpur; a companion Manpatra is given to Kasturba Gandhi by the women of Jetpur.
  • Mar 6, 1915Tagore meets Gandhi for the first time.
  • 1919Nautamlal B. Mehta meets Motilal Nehru at Amritsar.
  • 1929Correspondence from Pandit (Jawaharlal) Nehru.
  • 1930Mota Kaki and Savita Kaki are jailed for months.
  • 1951 onwardMoolshankar Mehta writes postcards and letters to publishers attempting to correct the record, without response.
  • 1952–1960Nautamlal's son and grandson continue writing to fix the historical record.
  • 1970 (circa)Manilal and Moolshankar exchange handwritten notes on the "Kumar" magazine misattribution.
  • 1993Moolshankar Mehta dies; his nephew Niranjan continues the family's effort.
  • 1996Niranjan begins publicly documenting the record; Rajghat Gandhi Museum scholars later review and acknowledge it.
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